Applied General Equilibrium Modelling ANNARES, STAGE and R23 Models

© Scott McDonald

Single Country Model Publications


This is a partially listing of publications using the STAGE model and/or variants.


Siddig, K., Basheer, M. and J. Luckmann (2021): Economy-wide assessment of potential long-term impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Sudan. Water International,

Feuerbacher, A., McDonald, S., Dukpa, C., and Grethe, H. (2020). “Seasonal rural labor markets and their relevance to policy analyses in developing countries”, Food Policy, Vol. 93

Mosa,A., Grethe,H. and Siddig, K., (2020). Economy-wide effects of reducing the time spent for water fetching and firewood collection in Ethiopia. Environmental Systems Research, 9 (20).

Agbahey, J., Siddig, K. and Grethe, H., (2020). ‘Implications of labor supply specifications in CGE models: A demonstration for employment of Palestinian labor in Israel and its impact on the West Bank economy’. Economic Analysis and Policy.

Agbahey, J., Siddig, K. and Grethe, H., (2020). ‘Labour exports from Palestine to Israel: a boon or bane for the West Bank economy’. IZA Journal of Labor Policy 10 (8).

Aragie, E., Balié, J. and Morales-Opazo, C., (2020). ‘Food price spikes: Is a cereal export ban the right response for Ethiopia?’ Outlook on Agriculture 49(3): 225-234.

Mason-D’Croz, D., Bogard, J.R., Herrero, M., Robinson, S., Sulser, T.B., Wiebe, K., Willenbockel, D. & Godfray, H., (2020) ‘Modelling the global economic consequences of a major African swine fever outbreak in China’, Nature Food Vol 1, pp 221–228

Aragie, E. and Balié, J., (2019). ‘Public spending on agricultural productivity and rural commercialisation: A comparison of impacts using an economywide approach.’ Development Policy Review.

Osman, R., Ferrari, E. and McDonald, S., (2019). ‘Is improving Nile water quality ‘fruitful’?’, Ecological Economics, Vol 161, pp 20-31

Aragie, E., Pauw, K., and Valentina, P., (2018). ‘Achieving food security and industrial development in Malawi: Are export restrictions the solution?’ World Development 108: 1-15

Aragie, E., Balié, J. and Morales Opazo, C., (2018). ‘Does reducing food losses and wastes in sub-Saharan Africa make economic sense?’ Waste Management & Research 36(6): 483-494.

Aragie, E. (2018). ‘Identifying opportunities for value chain development in the Kenyan coffee sector: A modelling approach.’ Outlook on AGRICULTURE 47(2): 150-159

Luckmann, J., Flaig, D., Grethe, H. and K. Siddig (2016): Modelling Sectorally Differentiated Water Prices - Water Preservation and Welfare Gains Through Price Reform? Water Resources Management 30(7): 2327–2342,

Luckmann, J., Grethe, H. and S. McDonald (2016): When water saving limits recycling: Modeling economy-wide linkages of wastewater use. Water Research 88: 972-980,

Osman, R., Ferrari, E. & McDonald, S., (2016). ‘Water Scarcity and Irrigation Efficiency in Egypt’, Water Economics and Policy, Vol 2(4)

Osman, R., Ferrari, E. & McDonald, S., (2015). ‘Constructing a SAM for Egypt (2008/09): Introducing Water and Irrigation Seasonality’, Journal of Development and Economic Policies, Vol. 17(1), 2015, pp 5-29

Luckmann, J., Grethe, H., McDonald, S., Orlov, A. and K. Siddig (2014): An integrated economic model of multiple types and uses of water. Water Resources Research 50: 3875–3892,

Orlov, A., and H. Grethe (2014), Introducing Environmental Taxes in Russia: The Relevance of Tax-Interaction Effects. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy. 14 (3): 723-754.

Siddig, K. and H. Grethe (2014), International Price Transmission in CGE Models: How to Reconcile Econometric Evidence and Endogenous Model Response? Economic Modeling. 38: 12-22.

Aragie, E., (2014). Household production, home consumption and market supply in peasant economies: The case of Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development 2(6): 155-164

Flaig, D., Siddig, K., Grethe, H., Luckmann, J. and S. McDonald (2013): Relaxing Israeli Restrictions on Palestinian Labour: Who Benefits? Economic Modelling 31: 143-150,

Orlov, A., Grethe, H. and S. McDonald (2013), Carbon Taxation in Russia: Prospects for a Double Dividend and Energy Efficiency. Energy Economics. 37: 128-140.

Zepeda, E., Alarcon, D., Sapkota, C., Mcdonald, S., Panda, M. & Ganesh-Kumar, A., (2013). ‘Guaranteeing Jobs for the Rural Poor: An Assessment of India’s MGNREGA Public Works Programme’, in UNDP (2013) Social Protection, Growth and Employment: Evidence from India, Kenya, Malawi, Mexico, Peru and Tajikistan. New York: UNDP. (ISBN: 9-789211-263633).

Zepeda, E., Sapkota, C., McDonald, S., Panda, M. & Ganesh-Kumar, A., (2013) The Economics of India’s Rural Employment Guarantee. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Orlov, A. and Grethe, H. (2012), Carbon Taxation and Market Structure: A CGE Analysis for Russia. Energy Policy. 51: 696-707.

McDonald, S., Punt, C., van Schoor, M. and Rantho, L., (2008). ‘Costs and Benefits of Higher Tariffs on Wheat Imports to South Africa’, South African Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol 47 (1), 2008, pp 19-51

Chant, L., McDonald, S., and Verschoor, A., (2008). ‘Some Consequences of the 1994-95 Coffee Boom for Growth and Poverty Reduction in Uganda’, Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol 59(1), pp 93-113.

Azzoni, C., Brooks, J., McDonald, S. and Guilhoto, J., (2007) ‘Who in Brazil Will Gain from Global Trade Reforms?’, The World Economy, Vol 30(10), pp 1568-93.

McDonald, S., Pauw, K. and Punt, C., (2007). ‘Agricultural efficiency and welfare in South Africa’, Development Southern Africa, Vol 24(2), pp 309-333.

McDonald, S., (2006). ‘Trade Liberalisation with Trade Induced Technical Change in Morocco and Egypt’, Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies, Vol 8.

McDonald, S., Reynolds, S. and van Schoor, M., (2006) ‘The Impact of a Higher Fuel Levy on the Western Cape’, South African Journal of Economics, Vol 74 (3), pp 422-41

McDonald, S. and Punt, C., (2004) ‘Some Welfare Implications of a Land Tax on the Western Cape’, South African Journal of Economics, Sept, Vol 72(4), pp 808-833.

McDonald, S., (2002). ‘The Commodity Protocols of the Lomé Convention: The Case of Beef Exports from Botswana’, Journal of Agricultural Economics, July, Vol 53 (2), pp 407-427.

McDonald, S., and Punt, C., (2002) ‘Supply Constraints, Export Opportunities and Agriculture in the Western Cape of South Africa’, Journal for Studies in Economics and Econometrics, Vol 26(1), pp 1-17.

Chant, L., McDonald, S., and Punt, C., (20017) ‘Agricultural Trade Liberalisation, Agricultural Productivity Growth and Employment’, South African Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol 40(4).

McDonald, S., and Kirsten, J., (1999). ‘South African Agriculture and World Market Changes’, South African Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol 38(4),  pp 535 – 547.

McDonald, S. and Roberts, D., (1998). ‘The Economy-Wide Effects of the BSE Crisis: A CGE Analysis’, Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol 49(3), pp 458-471.